Pipe Thickness determination!
A pipe is looked upon as a simple thin walled cylinder case in many instances, ie. The wall thickness consideration is negligible compared to the pipe diameter, and the diameter determination is reasonably accurate due to the negligible thickness assumption. It follows the basic analysis and calculations we often encounter in our basic training in the under graduate school. The pressure inside the pipe or its designed pressure (P) is first taken into account. say 10 Newtons/mm2. Then, the pipe diameter (D) is determined, based on consideration of pressure drops, and/or fluid flow expected. Assuming the diameter has been determined as 100 mm, a crossed sectional area can be calculated; the crossed-sectional area is then multiplied with the pressure, indicating the separating force inside the pipe. Remember that the same pressure at a particular point acts in all directions; it is a basic principle in fluid mechanics. Knowing your kind of pipe material, will give you the allowable theoretical pipe stress (S) in Newtons/mm2. The thickness (T) of the pipe will then be calculated using the formula below:
T= PD / 2S ; where T= mm ;P=Newton/mm2 ; D=mm; S= Newton/mm2
The theoretical computation is then compared to the nearest thickness available in the market, considering, possible pipe erosion and corrosion rate allowances per year, and desired operating life. Economic considerations, such as interest rate, pipe price escalation factor, and first cost of pipes are then taken into consideration, as well as the pipe supports costs, downtime cost consideration and affordability. In cases of special fluids being handled, the result of the thickness calculation is also referred to existing professional codes or building regulations adopted by local authorities or professional associations.
Written by: Sanoy Suerte, RME/MBM; Http://businessmanage.sosblog.com; Http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
Saturday, November 28, 2009
Wednesday, November 25, 2009
Steam Pipes!
Steam pipe sizing!
Two approaches can be used for sizing steam piping in a steam system. It could either be by: a) steam velocity method or b) pressure drop method. In the case of steam velocity method, the preferred velocity is between 15-35 meters/sec. The lower end is more ideal, in order to minimize pressure drops. In the first approach, the specific weight of the steam will have to be averaged, and assumed. When the pipeline is short, the higher velocities can be used. In long pipe runs, however, wherein the pressure drops are critical and important, the pressure drop method is a better approach. Special tables from OEMs and handbooks can provide the empirical data for the piping table data, and help in the pipe size specifications writing. Note that too high a velocity in a steam piping can produce erosion of pipes, high pressure drops and too much noise. Correct pipe sizing would preclude such problems to the benefit of the installation owner and operator.
Written by: Sanoy Suerte, RME/MBM; Http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
Http://businessmanage.sosblog.com
Two approaches can be used for sizing steam piping in a steam system. It could either be by: a) steam velocity method or b) pressure drop method. In the case of steam velocity method, the preferred velocity is between 15-35 meters/sec. The lower end is more ideal, in order to minimize pressure drops. In the first approach, the specific weight of the steam will have to be averaged, and assumed. When the pipeline is short, the higher velocities can be used. In long pipe runs, however, wherein the pressure drops are critical and important, the pressure drop method is a better approach. Special tables from OEMs and handbooks can provide the empirical data for the piping table data, and help in the pipe size specifications writing. Note that too high a velocity in a steam piping can produce erosion of pipes, high pressure drops and too much noise. Correct pipe sizing would preclude such problems to the benefit of the installation owner and operator.
Written by: Sanoy Suerte, RME/MBM; Http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
Http://businessmanage.sosblog.com
Tuesday, November 24, 2009
Steam Piping Care!
Steam pipings!
Whenever one sees steam pipings around the plant, or in your apartments/ residential buildings, they would look ordinary and seem to be just like any other kinds of water pipes, but they are not. They have very special design thoughts incorporated in them, and if not maintained properly, a lot of inefficiencies could result, as well as various types of problems, like corrosion, water logging, water hammer, and early failure. Steam pipings are lagged with insulation materials and the insulation materials are protected from being soaked with water by sheet metal claddings. If the insulation is soaked in water, you can be sure that the heat loss could increase by as much as 50x compared to heat loss from a pipe giving heat directly to dry air. Bare hot pipes are also very costly in terms of operating costs. Whenever, the insulation therefore are damaged, they should be repaired immediately, and the insulation properly replaced.
So, why do we need extra care to make sure the hot pipes are well insulated? There are several reasons for this. The first one is prevention of energy loss or heat dissipation along the pipeline, so that the heat reaches its point of application. The other reason is for safety or protection of personnel. The next reason is to avoid too much condensation along the pipeline, which may overload the steam traps that remove the condensates from the system, and the fourth one is to make your operation for your particular application effective.and efficient. Note also that water in the pipeline creates water hammer that can cause a pipeline to be damaged.
There are also other things put by the designer in your piping system. Some of these include pipe alignments designed to drain the condensate in the direction of the steam flow; expansion system to keep the line from breaking during heat ups and cool downs; pipe supports that maintain pipe grade and alignments; steam trap system using different principles in engineering like temperature actuated or condensate level actuated devices, and some other different combination of principles based on these two design principles; and air removal systems or dryness maintaining devices for your steam quality safeguards. Frequent inspection and audits need be undertaken to check on these specific designed items, and replacement of fittings and devices need be initiated to ensure the most economical operation of the system once found damaged or defective. An energy conservation engineer or a steam piping expert should be able to determine this properly for you. If you need one, you can ask around from your local association of mechanical engineers or energy management engineers.
You can also email the undersigned at sanysue@lycos.com for any questions you have.
Written by: Sanoy Suerte, RME/MBM; http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte; http://businessmanage.sosblog.com
Whenever one sees steam pipings around the plant, or in your apartments/ residential buildings, they would look ordinary and seem to be just like any other kinds of water pipes, but they are not. They have very special design thoughts incorporated in them, and if not maintained properly, a lot of inefficiencies could result, as well as various types of problems, like corrosion, water logging, water hammer, and early failure. Steam pipings are lagged with insulation materials and the insulation materials are protected from being soaked with water by sheet metal claddings. If the insulation is soaked in water, you can be sure that the heat loss could increase by as much as 50x compared to heat loss from a pipe giving heat directly to dry air. Bare hot pipes are also very costly in terms of operating costs. Whenever, the insulation therefore are damaged, they should be repaired immediately, and the insulation properly replaced.
So, why do we need extra care to make sure the hot pipes are well insulated? There are several reasons for this. The first one is prevention of energy loss or heat dissipation along the pipeline, so that the heat reaches its point of application. The other reason is for safety or protection of personnel. The next reason is to avoid too much condensation along the pipeline, which may overload the steam traps that remove the condensates from the system, and the fourth one is to make your operation for your particular application effective.and efficient. Note also that water in the pipeline creates water hammer that can cause a pipeline to be damaged.
There are also other things put by the designer in your piping system. Some of these include pipe alignments designed to drain the condensate in the direction of the steam flow; expansion system to keep the line from breaking during heat ups and cool downs; pipe supports that maintain pipe grade and alignments; steam trap system using different principles in engineering like temperature actuated or condensate level actuated devices, and some other different combination of principles based on these two design principles; and air removal systems or dryness maintaining devices for your steam quality safeguards. Frequent inspection and audits need be undertaken to check on these specific designed items, and replacement of fittings and devices need be initiated to ensure the most economical operation of the system once found damaged or defective. An energy conservation engineer or a steam piping expert should be able to determine this properly for you. If you need one, you can ask around from your local association of mechanical engineers or energy management engineers.
You can also email the undersigned at sanysue@lycos.com for any questions you have.
Written by: Sanoy Suerte, RME/MBM; http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte; http://businessmanage.sosblog.com
Monday, November 23, 2009
Steam Energy Conservation!
Steam –Energy Savings!
The use of steam as a heating media has been taken lightly many times. People are sometimes not aware that a lot of energy could be wasted by not using the steam system properly, and by not operating the steam boiler efficiently. How steam and energy conservation is assured needs a lot of knowledge on the characteristics of steam, and it is something that needs professional expertise. Take for example, the presence of air in the steam piping system. Not all laymen know that air is an insulator, and as an insulator, it prevents an efficient transfer of heat. Very few laymen know also that air causes corrosion of the piping system. And still, very few are aware that operating the steam system at a higher pressure means, more energy required to generate steam, and operating it at very low pressure, might mean unequal distribution of heat at various locations of the system and increase generation of condensate water. Which parameters are causing you a problem, may not be too obvious for the lay person. The cost could submarine in the company books of accounts, and can mean a lot in terms of money value and equipment life or need to recapitalize investments in equipment for so short a period of time. When was the last time you checked your boiler water and feed-water quality? Was the result good? Are you within the prescribed parameters by your OEM? The next time you get a bad result, try checking your boiler tubes conditions also. When you do, try having your insulations and steam trap conditions surveyed.
Written by: Sanoy C. Suerte, RME/MBM ; Http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
Http://businessmanage.sosblog.com
The use of steam as a heating media has been taken lightly many times. People are sometimes not aware that a lot of energy could be wasted by not using the steam system properly, and by not operating the steam boiler efficiently. How steam and energy conservation is assured needs a lot of knowledge on the characteristics of steam, and it is something that needs professional expertise. Take for example, the presence of air in the steam piping system. Not all laymen know that air is an insulator, and as an insulator, it prevents an efficient transfer of heat. Very few laymen know also that air causes corrosion of the piping system. And still, very few are aware that operating the steam system at a higher pressure means, more energy required to generate steam, and operating it at very low pressure, might mean unequal distribution of heat at various locations of the system and increase generation of condensate water. Which parameters are causing you a problem, may not be too obvious for the lay person. The cost could submarine in the company books of accounts, and can mean a lot in terms of money value and equipment life or need to recapitalize investments in equipment for so short a period of time. When was the last time you checked your boiler water and feed-water quality? Was the result good? Are you within the prescribed parameters by your OEM? The next time you get a bad result, try checking your boiler tubes conditions also. When you do, try having your insulations and steam trap conditions surveyed.
Written by: Sanoy C. Suerte, RME/MBM ; Http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
Http://businessmanage.sosblog.com
Saturday, November 21, 2009
Equipment Selection and Standardization!
Standardization in Equipment Selection!
Many engineers and their business organizations, prefer to standardize on certain equipment brands, mainly for parts interchangeability. Some people, however follow this rule blindly, like a donkey is led by its owner, wherein it simply follows; otherwise it gets the “the whip”. But every selection can be different, and parts interchangeability, may not even be a practical consideration for a large variety of reasons. Obsolescence is one of them; meaning to say, the old model is no longer in production or in the market. Another reason could be, that sizes and capacity of the new units, being selected are entirely different from the older units. Still another reason, could be, that better efficiencies and technology are now at hand. Newer technologies may have evolved over a period in time, and better efficiencies using a different design philosophy in the control system could now be available. Also, the older equipment could have existing design weaknesses and defects, that have already been outdone by the other newer models. So, the next time that you are confronted with an equipment selection, don’t “stick your neck out” in the name of commonality of brand relative to the existing units you now possess. The benefits of parts commonality and inter-changeability, may not be true in your specific case after all.
Written by: Sanoy Suerte, RME/MBM; Http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte; Http://businessmanage.sosblog.com; Http://suerte-sanisan.blogspot.com
Many engineers and their business organizations, prefer to standardize on certain equipment brands, mainly for parts interchangeability. Some people, however follow this rule blindly, like a donkey is led by its owner, wherein it simply follows; otherwise it gets the “the whip”. But every selection can be different, and parts interchangeability, may not even be a practical consideration for a large variety of reasons. Obsolescence is one of them; meaning to say, the old model is no longer in production or in the market. Another reason could be, that sizes and capacity of the new units, being selected are entirely different from the older units. Still another reason, could be, that better efficiencies and technology are now at hand. Newer technologies may have evolved over a period in time, and better efficiencies using a different design philosophy in the control system could now be available. Also, the older equipment could have existing design weaknesses and defects, that have already been outdone by the other newer models. So, the next time that you are confronted with an equipment selection, don’t “stick your neck out” in the name of commonality of brand relative to the existing units you now possess. The benefits of parts commonality and inter-changeability, may not be true in your specific case after all.
Written by: Sanoy Suerte, RME/MBM; Http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte; Http://businessmanage.sosblog.com; Http://suerte-sanisan.blogspot.com
Friday, November 20, 2009
Seeing!
Seeing and Discovery!
One can look and never see! Knowledge and experience can serve as the microscope and open-mindedness as the clear compass to the discovery of the solutions.—
Sanoy Suerte, RME/MBM; HTTP://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
One can look and never see! Knowledge and experience can serve as the microscope and open-mindedness as the clear compass to the discovery of the solutions.—
Sanoy Suerte, RME/MBM; HTTP://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Energy and Energy Conservation!
Energy Conservation!
Energy conservation now goes beyond just switching off your lights, and power using equipment in the building , whenever not in use. It starts from the design and acquisition stage, by deciding on the most efficient and economical configuration. Flexibility and adaptability of unit sizing can also spell the difference;like having several small units vis-à-vis one big unit. Sometimes, retrofitting of some facilities, and at times, replacement of inefficient energy consuming equipment by more efficient ones are more beneficial than the status quo.
If your total energy cost is considered by you as something substantial, it pays to have an energy audit ordered. Energy audits, reveal where your potential savings could be and how you can save energy. Some energy audits can result to projects that are financed by the savings, so that they are called self-liquidating ventures. So, the next time you have some concerns about rising cost of energy in your building operations or factory operations, try having an energy audit. The cost of the audit usually could be recovered by your savings, and may not be a cost after all.
Written by: Sanoy Suerte-RME/MBM
Http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
Http://suerte-sanisan.blogspot.com
Http://businessmanage.sosblog.com
Energy conservation now goes beyond just switching off your lights, and power using equipment in the building , whenever not in use. It starts from the design and acquisition stage, by deciding on the most efficient and economical configuration. Flexibility and adaptability of unit sizing can also spell the difference;like having several small units vis-à-vis one big unit. Sometimes, retrofitting of some facilities, and at times, replacement of inefficient energy consuming equipment by more efficient ones are more beneficial than the status quo.
If your total energy cost is considered by you as something substantial, it pays to have an energy audit ordered. Energy audits, reveal where your potential savings could be and how you can save energy. Some energy audits can result to projects that are financed by the savings, so that they are called self-liquidating ventures. So, the next time you have some concerns about rising cost of energy in your building operations or factory operations, try having an energy audit. The cost of the audit usually could be recovered by your savings, and may not be a cost after all.
Written by: Sanoy Suerte-RME/MBM
Http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
Http://suerte-sanisan.blogspot.com
Http://businessmanage.sosblog.com
HVAC ! High rise buildings!
Refrigeration and Airconditioning!
Whenever and wherever a high rise building is being constructed, the issue of air conditioning is an innate part of planning. Things being considered are sizing of the air conditioning units, total loads to be handled, and whether or not a centralized unit is to be used, or individual air-con units, or a mixed design. The ultimate verdict in this will usually be determined based on certain assumptions, which may involve level of occupancy and frequency of occupancy, and the size of the spaces that are to be used at the same time. In a centralized air conditioning strategy, decisions have to be made as to air cooled condensing units or water cooled condensing units, and the maker of the entire chiller systems.
There are many well known makers and suppliers of chillers and HVAC systems. To evaluate the selection, one must look into the available capacities, type of compression systems, refrigerant in use, local availability of follow up service after sales, efficiency of the units, energy consumption, acquisition cost, and total life cycle cost, considering operating materials and supplies cost, and warranty provisions. It is very easy to just jump into a particular design and supplier on the basis of apparent cost, and similarity in design, not knowing the hidden costs, and trade-offs. In this regard, it is advisable to consult a mechanical engineer in this practice and to require each supplier to propose their basic design proposal for a particular installation.
Written by: Sanoy Suerte-RME/MBM
Http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
Http://suerte-sanisan.blogspot.com
Http://businessmanage.sosblog.com
Whenever and wherever a high rise building is being constructed, the issue of air conditioning is an innate part of planning. Things being considered are sizing of the air conditioning units, total loads to be handled, and whether or not a centralized unit is to be used, or individual air-con units, or a mixed design. The ultimate verdict in this will usually be determined based on certain assumptions, which may involve level of occupancy and frequency of occupancy, and the size of the spaces that are to be used at the same time. In a centralized air conditioning strategy, decisions have to be made as to air cooled condensing units or water cooled condensing units, and the maker of the entire chiller systems.
There are many well known makers and suppliers of chillers and HVAC systems. To evaluate the selection, one must look into the available capacities, type of compression systems, refrigerant in use, local availability of follow up service after sales, efficiency of the units, energy consumption, acquisition cost, and total life cycle cost, considering operating materials and supplies cost, and warranty provisions. It is very easy to just jump into a particular design and supplier on the basis of apparent cost, and similarity in design, not knowing the hidden costs, and trade-offs. In this regard, it is advisable to consult a mechanical engineer in this practice and to require each supplier to propose their basic design proposal for a particular installation.
Written by: Sanoy Suerte-RME/MBM
Http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
Http://suerte-sanisan.blogspot.com
Http://businessmanage.sosblog.com
Tuesday, November 17, 2009
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Engineering Mastery!
Mastering Engineering!
One of the basic strength of an engineering practitioner is in the knowledge of the basic system of units, and the conversion of units from one standard system to the other. This knowledge is as basic as learning the letters of the alphabet , and knowing the vowels and the phonetic sounds. Without mastering these basic things by heart, one will always find difficulty in mastering engineering, and figuring out how much quantity in units of measure is involved in the calculations. Engineering is a quantitative profession. Time and again, calculations are made and units of measures are used to describe quantities of almost anything that one can think of. Even the description of the ratings and capacities of things are quantifications of what a thing can do, what it can be used for, and can not be used for. So, if you want to master engineering, be comfortable with your system of units. Learn it by heart like your ABCs and your multiplication table.
Written by: Sanoy Suerte, RME/MBM; http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
One of the basic strength of an engineering practitioner is in the knowledge of the basic system of units, and the conversion of units from one standard system to the other. This knowledge is as basic as learning the letters of the alphabet , and knowing the vowels and the phonetic sounds. Without mastering these basic things by heart, one will always find difficulty in mastering engineering, and figuring out how much quantity in units of measure is involved in the calculations. Engineering is a quantitative profession. Time and again, calculations are made and units of measures are used to describe quantities of almost anything that one can think of. Even the description of the ratings and capacities of things are quantifications of what a thing can do, what it can be used for, and can not be used for. So, if you want to master engineering, be comfortable with your system of units. Learn it by heart like your ABCs and your multiplication table.
Written by: Sanoy Suerte, RME/MBM; http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
Monday, November 16, 2009
Saturday, November 14, 2009
Compressed Air Receivers!
Sizing and Location of Air Receivers!
Air receivers are air tanks, placed in the compressed air system to serve as air supply buffers or demand surge tanks. Proper sizing of these tanks and correct location means a lot, depending upon the type of loads at hand, and what kinds of applications are being done at the load side.
Normally, an air receiver tank is placed to take care of demand fluctuations, and to take care for a 30second demand, time constant in the system. This will enable the air compressors to react to increases in demands, within thirty seconds, and at same time prevent a too large a drop in the overall system pressure. The system pressure, however, is not entirely dependent on the sizing of the compressors, and its reaction time. It is also dependent on the pipe sizing and the load demand. Assuming, the pipe sizing and load demand were properly designed, then the air receiver size will be more likely to be functioning as a buffer stock storage, and allowance for the compressor reaction time (usually within 30 seconds). To quantify this, one should calculate the capacity of the compressor to deliver vis-à-vis the load demand fluctuation in 30 seconds time. This can easily be determined by the general gas laws principles, and system calculations using quasi-static conditions, as your assumptions.
What about the locations of the air receivers? Normally, air receivers that are located immediately after the compressors, and situated before the refrigerated air dryers or dessicant dryers, will have the extra benefit of cooling the compressed air at the receiver, and serve as better collection tanks for moisture due to saturation. In system designs like these, the work load for the air dryers is lesser. The air dryers, however that have frequently varying loads in this design case, may also render the air quality to vary too much in certain installations. If the air demand fluctuations are too frequent, the high possibility of an undesirable air quality is present, especially if the air dryer sizing have not been given enough capacity allowance. Even then, the former arrangement, have still been proven to have reduced the energy consumption of the air dryer better, compared to the latter old conventional design of having air receivers after the air dryers. Author:http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
Air receivers are air tanks, placed in the compressed air system to serve as air supply buffers or demand surge tanks. Proper sizing of these tanks and correct location means a lot, depending upon the type of loads at hand, and what kinds of applications are being done at the load side.
Normally, an air receiver tank is placed to take care of demand fluctuations, and to take care for a 30second demand, time constant in the system. This will enable the air compressors to react to increases in demands, within thirty seconds, and at same time prevent a too large a drop in the overall system pressure. The system pressure, however, is not entirely dependent on the sizing of the compressors, and its reaction time. It is also dependent on the pipe sizing and the load demand. Assuming, the pipe sizing and load demand were properly designed, then the air receiver size will be more likely to be functioning as a buffer stock storage, and allowance for the compressor reaction time (usually within 30 seconds). To quantify this, one should calculate the capacity of the compressor to deliver vis-à-vis the load demand fluctuation in 30 seconds time. This can easily be determined by the general gas laws principles, and system calculations using quasi-static conditions, as your assumptions.
What about the locations of the air receivers? Normally, air receivers that are located immediately after the compressors, and situated before the refrigerated air dryers or dessicant dryers, will have the extra benefit of cooling the compressed air at the receiver, and serve as better collection tanks for moisture due to saturation. In system designs like these, the work load for the air dryers is lesser. The air dryers, however that have frequently varying loads in this design case, may also render the air quality to vary too much in certain installations. If the air demand fluctuations are too frequent, the high possibility of an undesirable air quality is present, especially if the air dryer sizing have not been given enough capacity allowance. Even then, the former arrangement, have still been proven to have reduced the energy consumption of the air dryer better, compared to the latter old conventional design of having air receivers after the air dryers. Author:http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte
Friday, November 13, 2009
Low Compressed Air Problems?
Question: When you have a low compressed air pressure often, do you buy a new unit to increase your plant capacity ?
No. Not yet!
There are certain things that you need to sort out under such situation, and one of these is for you to understand your problem. Meaning, you try to make your problem clearer by getting into the specifics. Some questions you need to answer are:
1.Where is the problem occurring?
2.What causes it? What are the circumstances, when such problem is observed?
3.When does it occur?
4.How often does it happen?
5.By how much is your capacity lacking in terms of pressure drop and cfm, and recovery time?
6.What can you afford to do in the interim? Can you shed off some loads?
You also have to do the following:
1.Lay-down the entire plant piping system in front of you.
2.Put pressure gages at strategic locations.
3.Tag your pressure gages with an identification number.
4.Have your people simultaneously read the pressure gages at specific intervals.
5.Tabulate all pressure readings, and compare all the readings.
6.Analyze the characteristic of each end user load.
7.Quantify your losses for a drop in air pressure.
8.Develop alternative counter-measures.
9.Define the cost of alternative counter-measures.
10.Define the pros and cons of alternative counter-measures.
11.Select and justify your solution.
The cost of buying a new unit may not be the only consideration in an evaluation like this. It may involve the construction of some building cover, additional pipings, some foundation works, electrical supply cabling, and some switch gears. These must be considered as part of the total cost. The project time table will also need to be established and considered.
When selecting new and additional units to operate, one also needs to consider the life cycle cost of the equipment being procured. This means, you have to know the relative efficiencies of alternative units and consider the electric power consumption cost, operating strategy to meet the base loads, and the cost of the spare parts and supplies in the long term. Some supplies have to be imported, and some support dealer -companies may not be situated nearby, so you need to consider availability. There are many more things to consider, when looking into expanding your plant capacity. It may be worthwhile investigating your selection and rationalized them according to your goals, and needed flexibility. You will be married to your choice for a good number of years, and flexibility you require, may not be there from the very start, if your choice is wrong.
The foregoing process steps had been applied and proven effective by the author in past projects, and in one particular case, the procurement of new units and capital investment was ably postponed for six (6) years, which at an interest cost factor of 20% already paid for the cost of the units, when procurement was finally made.
Should you need more advice in this regard, you can contact the author for some help. The author is within reach at http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte and http://businessmanage.sosblog.com .
No. Not yet!
There are certain things that you need to sort out under such situation, and one of these is for you to understand your problem. Meaning, you try to make your problem clearer by getting into the specifics. Some questions you need to answer are:
1.Where is the problem occurring?
2.What causes it? What are the circumstances, when such problem is observed?
3.When does it occur?
4.How often does it happen?
5.By how much is your capacity lacking in terms of pressure drop and cfm, and recovery time?
6.What can you afford to do in the interim? Can you shed off some loads?
You also have to do the following:
1.Lay-down the entire plant piping system in front of you.
2.Put pressure gages at strategic locations.
3.Tag your pressure gages with an identification number.
4.Have your people simultaneously read the pressure gages at specific intervals.
5.Tabulate all pressure readings, and compare all the readings.
6.Analyze the characteristic of each end user load.
7.Quantify your losses for a drop in air pressure.
8.Develop alternative counter-measures.
9.Define the cost of alternative counter-measures.
10.Define the pros and cons of alternative counter-measures.
11.Select and justify your solution.
The cost of buying a new unit may not be the only consideration in an evaluation like this. It may involve the construction of some building cover, additional pipings, some foundation works, electrical supply cabling, and some switch gears. These must be considered as part of the total cost. The project time table will also need to be established and considered.
When selecting new and additional units to operate, one also needs to consider the life cycle cost of the equipment being procured. This means, you have to know the relative efficiencies of alternative units and consider the electric power consumption cost, operating strategy to meet the base loads, and the cost of the spare parts and supplies in the long term. Some supplies have to be imported, and some support dealer -companies may not be situated nearby, so you need to consider availability. There are many more things to consider, when looking into expanding your plant capacity. It may be worthwhile investigating your selection and rationalized them according to your goals, and needed flexibility. You will be married to your choice for a good number of years, and flexibility you require, may not be there from the very start, if your choice is wrong.
The foregoing process steps had been applied and proven effective by the author in past projects, and in one particular case, the procurement of new units and capital investment was ably postponed for six (6) years, which at an interest cost factor of 20% already paid for the cost of the units, when procurement was finally made.
Should you need more advice in this regard, you can contact the author for some help. The author is within reach at http://www.linkedin.com/in/sannysuerte and http://businessmanage.sosblog.com .
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